西锐整机降落伞系统设计研究

随着通航产业的蓬勃发展,轻型飞机已成为通用航空市场中非常具有发展潜力的机型,保障飞行安全对于轻型飞机的长远发展而言至关重要。弹道式整机降落伞救生系统作为飞行安全的最后一道防线,可大大提升驾驶员和乘客的旅程安全性。本文以西锐公司飞机配备的整机降落伞系统为研究对象,详细介绍了CAPS系统的设计验证、结构、工作程序、适用情况、使用条件和着陆考虑因素等方面,以期使相关专业设计人员对CAPS系统有一个较全面的认识,更好地把握整机降落伞系统的研究和发展方向。     

Analyzing the safety impact of longer and heavier vehicles circulating in the European market

Introduction: The European Union (EU) has developed different strategies to internalize the costs of excessive motor traffic in the road freight transport sector. One of these is a relaxation of restrictions on the size and load capacity of trucks that circulate between member States and a proposal has been made for Longer and Heavier Vehicles (LHVs) to be allowed to circulate across borders. LHVs are the so-called “megatrucks” (i.e., trucks with a length of 25 meters and a weight of 60 tonnes). Megatrucks have allowed to circulate for decades in some European countries such as Norway, Finland, and Sweden, world leaders in traffic accident prevention, although the impact that cross-border traffic would have on road safety is still unknown. Methods: This article provides an econometric analysis of the potential impact on road safety of allowing the circulation of “megatrucks” throughout the EU. Results: The findings show that countries that currently allow megatrucks to circulate present lower traffic accident and fatality levels, on average. Conclusions: The circulation of this type of vehicle is only advisable in countries where there is a certain degree of maturity and demonstrated achievements in the field of road safety. Practical applications: European countries that have allowed megatruck circulation obtaining better road safety outcomes in terms of accidents, although the accident lethality rate seems to be higher. Consequently, introducing megatruck circulation requires a prior proper preparation and examination.     

Evaluation of ambient air quality in Guangzhou, China

On the basis of the reported air quality index （API） and air pollutant monitoring data provided by the Guangzhou Environment Monitoring Stations over the last twenty-five years, the characteristics of air quality, prominent pollutants, and variation of the average annual concentrations of SOE, NOE, total suspended particulate （TSP）, fine particulates （PM10）, CO and dustfall in Guangzhou City were analyzed. Results showed that TSP was the prominent pollutant in the ambient air environment of Guangzhou City. Of the prominent pollutants, TSP accounted for nearly 62%, SOE 12.3%, and NOx 6.4%, respectively. The average API of Guangzhou over 6 years was higher than that of Beijing, Tianjin, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Suzhou and Shanghai, and lower than that of Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou. Concentrations of air pollutants have shown a downward trend in recent years, but they are generally worse than ambient air quality standards for USA, Hong Kong and EU. SOE and NOx pollution were still serious, impling that waste gas pollution from all kinds of vehicles had become a significant problem for environmental protection in Guangzhou. The possible causes of worsening air quality were also discussed in this paper.     

飞机结构单机寿命监控的几个关键问题的研究

飞机结构的使用寿命取决于使用方法,实施单机寿命监控能够有效地体现出这种差异性.基于飞行参数监控的思想,综合考虑了计算精度和计算效率,对不同采样率和不同滤波门槛值的影响进行了分析,确定了适用的采样率和门槛值;综合分析了不同情况下外挂质量对损伤计算结果的影响,为飞机结构实施单机寿命监控提供了技术保障.     

GPS导航定位技术在环境应急监测车载系统中的应用

主要论述了车载GPS导航定位技术的系统原理以及车载监控导航系统在环境应急监测车辆导航、监控等方面的应用和对环境应急监测车中的车载监控导航系统和监控车载系统设计,并重点介绍了车载监控导航系统的设计与实现,该系统将400 m超短波通信网与GPS相结合,利用超短波方式、扩频电台数据传输功能,实现环境应急监测车辆与环境污染源监控中心的双向数据传输,以实施对监测车辆运行状态、安全状态、技术状态的监控,以此提升污染源自动监控能力建设,及时准确地完成应尽监测工作。     

空空导弹振动试验条件分析

振动环境是空空导弹所经历的最严酷的环境之一,振动试验量级将直接影响空空导弹的结构完整性和工作性能。通过对空空导弹寿命期内经历的振动环境进行分析,针对运输、挂机飞行以及自由飞行状态下振动产生的主要诱因,结合相关标准及国外相关测试数据,初步提出了针对空空导弹的试验条件与试验方法,为相关设计人员提供了参考。     

推广新能源汽车碳减排和大气污染控制的协同效益研究——以上海市为例

随着我国机动车数量的持续增长,交通运输行业已经成为仅次于工业部门的第二大能源消费部门,也是温室气体排放和空气污染物的主要贡献部门.为了支持低碳发展,自2009年起,中国便开始使用新能源汽车取代传统燃油汽车.通过上海市2016年纯电动和插电式混合动力的私家车、出租车和公交车的行驶情况、能源消耗和排放因子等数据,对新能源汽车运行过程以及所需电能生产过程中产生的大气污染物和CO₂的排放量进行了测算,利用协同控制坐标系评价和污染物减排量交叉弹性分析方法探讨了新能源汽车的协同减排能力与效果.基于协同效益潜力分析结果,对推广3类新能源汽车的协同效益进行了排序,结果表明纯电动公交车具有最佳的碳减排和大气污染控制协同效益,纯电动以及插电式混合动力私家车和出租车对CO、NO_x、NMHC、PM₁₀都具有协同效益,而插电式混合动力公交车不具备协同效益.     

基于VMAS四川省在用点燃式轻型车尾气污染削减预测

针对四川省在用车辆尾气污染情况开展了详细的调查研究,结果表明四川省机动车尾气污染中约71.3%的CO、68.6%的HC、95.3%的NOx和99.2%的PM均来自于汽车尾气。同时分析得出简易瞬态工况法是在用车辆尾气排放控制的有效控制方法,有利于四川省大气环境质量的改善,经预测采用简易瞬态工况法以及简易瞬态工况法排放标准后可使四川省在用点燃式轻型车尾气排放的CO削减约28.76%~50.48%,HC+NOx削减约1.53%~23.24%。     

基于认知可靠性的飞行差错影响因素体系的构建

提高飞行员认知可靠性可以有效降低飞行差错发生概率。合理确定飞行差错影响因素有利于客观、快速地评估飞行差错,提高飞行中的安全性。基于人的认知可靠性建立P-D-A-F飞行认知可靠性模型分析飞行差错发生机理;并结合对人的认知可靠性影响因素分析结果,构建以心理、生理、外部为主要影响因素的飞行差错影响因素体系;运用Delphi法确定体系包含40个影响因子,并提出影响因子以独立或者联合影响的方式影响飞行差错。该影响因素体系可以应用于飞行差错分析与评估。     

基于Petri网的进近操作管理模型研究

据世界民航所发生的飞行事故情况看,进近着陆阶段时间短、任务重、环境复杂,是飞行事故多发阶段,占很大的比重,因此进近着陆是保证飞行安全的重要阶段。大多数事故是发生在仪表着陆系统出现故障的非精密进近方式。以机组非精密进近的主要飞行操作为基础建立基于Petri网的事故致因模型,统计分析相关的致因因素,计算相关风险值,通过对数据的分析反馈,形成对相应飞行员的针对性学习及训练的系统性管理模式。